Effect of sodium arsenite on reproductive organs of female Wistar rats. The 49ers on Tuesday reportedly signed quarterback Josh Rosen off. Shatner revealed in that he suffers from swollen joints and various age-related 'aches and pains'. The ulnar collateral ligament UCL may become torn and reconstructive surgery may be required.
Although arsenic metal has a limited solubility, it is not completely inert when immersed in water or biological fluids see sections on Water solubility and Toxicokineticsso that dissolved ionic species predominantly As III may be released from the metal. Following a conservative approach, the toxicity of arsenic metal is therefore considered to be determined by the release of soluble inorganic species trivalent arsenites and pentavalent arsenates which do not differ substantially in potency and may be interconverted both in the environment and in the body.
Consequently, it is justified to apply read across to soluble inorganic arsenic compounds to evaluate the systemic effects, including repeated dose toxicity, of arsenic metal. General remarks A large number of investigations in animals and humans on the toxic effects of inorganic arsenic compounds following repeated exposure are available, and these have been reviewed on several occasions by renowned scientific organizations.
Instead, an overview of available investigations is presented below.
Kaip išgydyti paleidimo pirštą: 10 žingsnių (su paveikslėliais) - Skeleto Ir Raumenų Skausmas
When evaluating the results of the animal and human studies, it is important to remember that there are considerable differences in arsenic biotransformation between species and between individuals of a same species see section on Toxicokinetics.
Also, a number of aspects raise issues regarding the usefulness of some studies for quantifying, comparing and interpreting results, especially regarding relevance to humans and risk assessment. It is generally considered that trivalent arsenic compounds are more toxic than the pentavalent forms, at least at high doses. However, the difference is difficult to quantify since a conversion between trivalent and pentavalent arsenic can occur after the substance has entered the body ATSDR, Furthermore, exposure via the oral and inhalation routes is the most relevant for hazard and risk assessment of inorganic arsenic compounds.
Dermal absorption is low see section on Toxicokineticsso that no significant systemic exposure is expected via this route.
The following paragraphs summarise the data available on the inhalation and oral toxicity swollen painful joint middle finger inorganic arsenic compounds. Data on humans is presented first, followed by studies conducted in animals. Inhalation exposure Effects in humans Respiratory effects: Workers exposed to arsenic dusts in air often experience irritation to the mucous membranes of the nose and throat, which may lead to laryngitis, bronchitis or rhinitis, and very high exposures characteristic swollen painful joint middle finger workplace exposures in the past can cause perforation of the nasal septum.
Kaip pašalinti cistito priepuolį namuose
However, there have been few systematic investigations of respiratory effects in humans exposed to arsenic. None are considered to be conclusive with regard to the relationship between inhaled inorganic arsenic and respiratory disease ATSDR, Cardiovascular effects: There is some evidence from epidemiological studies that inhaled inorganic arsenic can produce effects on the cardiovascular system, but such effects resulting from oral exposure are better characterized ATSDR, Gastrointestinal effects: Several case studies have reported nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea in workers with acute arsenic poisoning following occupational inhalation exposure.
Such effects are a common feature of gydymas sąnarių būdai ingestion of high doses of arsenic but exposure levels have not been reliably estimated for any of these cases ATSDR, Neurological effects: There is evidence from epidemiological studies that inhaled inorganic arsenic can produce neurological effects. However, the exposure levels were difficult to quantify.
Psoriazės gydymas liaudies gynimo priemonėmis beržo degutas
Dermal effects: Dermatitis has frequently been observed in industrial workers exposed to inorganic arsenic in the air, with the highest rates occurring in workers with the greatest arsenic exposure.
However, limited quantitative information is available regarding the levels that produce such dermatitis and co-exposure to other substances in the workplace by the dermal route makes a dose-response analysis difficult. The highest arsenic exposures 0. Other organ systems: There is no reliable evidence in humans that inhaled inorganic arsenic produces effects on other important organ systems such as liver, kidneys or the haematological, immunological and musculoskeletal systems.
Since this sort of response is produced by a number of respirable particulate materials, it is likely that the inflammatory response was not specifically due to arsenic.
Immunological effects: Female mice exposed to arsenic trioxide aerosol for 3 hours showed a concentration-related decrease in pulmonary bactericidal activity, presumably as a result of injury to alveolar macrophages, and a corresponding concentration-related increase in susceptibility to introduced respiratory bacterial pathogens Aranyi et al.
Other organ systems: There is no reliable evidence in animals that inhaled inorganic arsenic produces effects on other important organ systems such as liver, kidneys, skin or the haematological, immunological, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems ATSDR, Oral toxicity Effects in humans There is a large body of studies in humans and animals on the toxic effects of ingested arsenic.
In humans, most cases result from accidental, suicidal, homicidal or medicinal ingestion of arsenic-containing powders or solutions, or from swollen painful joint middle finger of contaminated food and drinking water.
In many cases, the exact chemical form of arsenic is not known; however, it is presumed that the most likely forms are either pentavalent arsenate, trivalent arsenite or a mixture of both. Respiratory effects: Bronchitis and sequelae bronchiectasis, bronchopneumonia have been observed in patients and at autopsy in some chronic poisoning cases Guha Mazumder et al.
The Pain, Swelling And Stiffness of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Bronchopneumonia secondary to arsenic-induced bronchitis was considered to be the cause of death in one young child after several years of exposure to an average dose of 0.
Although in general respiratory effects have not been widely associated with repeated oral ingestion of low arsenic doses, a few studies have reported minor respiratory symptoms, such as cough, sputum, rhinorrhoea and sore throat in people with repeated oral exposure to 0. Arsenic in water samples was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms was documented via a structured, validated questionnaire. Pulmonary function test PFT was assessed by portable spirometer.
Compared with controls, the arsenic-exposed subjects had a higher prevalence of upper and lower respiratory symptoms, dyspnoea, asthma, eye irritation and headache. Also, A positive association was observed between arsenic concentration in drinking water and the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, while a negative association existed between arsenic level and spirometric parameters. Based on the study results, the study author suggested that even low-level arsenic exposure has deleterious respiratory effects Das et al.
Baltarusijos psoriazės kodavimas
To evaluate the chronic effects of arsenic poisoning due to consumption of contaminated groundwater, a non-randomized, controlled, cross-sectional, observational study was carried out in the Arsenic Clinic, Institute of Swollen painful joint middle finger Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, over a period of 1 year and 4 months.
Special investigations included routine parameters and organ-specific tests.
Arsenic levels in drinking water, hair and nails were measured. Twenty-five non-smoking healthy controls were evaluated. Murshidabad and districts adjacent to Kolkata, West Bengal, were mostly affected. Middle-aged males were the main sufferers. Restrictive abnormality in spirometry [11 Based on the study results, the author concluded that mucocutaneous and nail lesions, hepatomegaly and restrictive change in spirometry were the common and significant findings in the study Ghosh, Cardiovascular effects: A number of studies in humans indicate that arsenic ingestion may lead to serious effects on the cardiovascular system.
Rankų pirštų uždegimas
Characteristic effects on the heart from both acute and long-term exposure include altered myocardial depolarization prolonged QT interval, nonspecific ST segment changes and cardiac arrhythmia Cullen et al. A significant dose-related increase in the prevalence of cardiac electrophysiological abnormalities was observed in residents of Inner Mongolia, China; the incidences of QT prolongation were observed in 3.
The disease is characterised by a progressive loss of circulation in the hands and feet, leading ultimately to necrosis and gangrene Chen et al. Despite other factors being suspected of playing a role in the etiology of this disease Ko, ; Lu et al.
Arsenic exposure in Taiwan has also been associated with an increased incidence of cerebrovascular and microvascular diseases Chiou et al. Wang et al. Studies in Chile indicate that ingestion of 0.
Orlaivių Techninės Priežiūros. Anglų-Lietuvių Kalbos Žodynas | PDF
Autopsy of five children from this region who died of apparent arsenic toxicity showed a marked thickening of small and medium sized arteries in tissues throughout the body, especially the heart Rosenberg, In addition, cardiac failure, arterial hypotension, myocardial necrosis, and thrombosis have been observed in children who died from chronic arsenic ingestion Zaldívar,as well as adults chronically exposed to arsenic Dueñas et al.
Likewise, thickening and vascular occlusion of blood vessels were noted in German vintners exposed to arsenical pesticides in wine and in adults who drank arsenic-contaminated drinking water Roth ; Zaldívar and Guillier, Similarly, Lewis et al.
Limitations in the study included lack of evaluation of smoking as a confounder and of other dietary sources of arsenic, and the lack of a dose-response for hypertensive heart disease. Another ecological study Engel and Smith found significant increases in deaths from arteriosclerosis, aortic aneurysm, and all other diseases of the arteries, arterioles, and capillaries among U.